细胞与分子生物学2

ReactiveOxygenSpecies(ROS)SignaltransductionAyingZhangSignalTransduction•“Nomanisanisland”Nocelllivesinisolation•Manybiologicalprocessesrequirevariouscellstoworktogetherandtocoordinatetheiractivities.•Tomakethispossible,cellshavetocommunicatewitheachother,whichisaccomplishedbyaprocesscalledcellsignalingtransduction.CellOrganTissueOrganismSignalTransductionCellsignalingaffectsvirtuallyeveryaspectofcellstructureandfunctionCellgrowthCelldivisionApoptosis(ProgrammedCelldeath)ResponsetoStressesAutocrine(a),paracrine(b),andendocrine(c)typesofintercellularsignalingCellandMolecularBiology7eFigure15.1ExtracellularmessengermoleculestravelingAnoverviewofthemajorsignalingpathwaysbywhichextracellularmessengermoleculescanelicitintracellularresponses.CellandMolecularBiology7eFigure15.2EliminateDegradeSignaltransductionThisoverallprocessinwhichinformationcarriedbyextracellularmessengermoleculesistranslatedintochangesthatoccurinsideacellisreferredtoassignaltransduction.ExtracellularMessengersAminoacidsandaminoacidderivatives.Gases,suchasNOandCO.Steroids,whicharederivedfromcholesterol.hormonesEicosanoids,whicharenonpolarmoleculescontaining20carbonsthatarederivedfromafattyacidnamedarachidonicacid.Awidevarietyofpolypeptidesandproteins.