利用水生植物原位修复污染水体_方云英

利用水生植物原位修复污染水体＊方云英1杨肖娥1＊＊常会庆2濮培民1,3(1浙江大学环境与资源学院农业化学研究所污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室,杭州310029;2河南科技大学环境资源科学系,河南洛阳471003,3中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008)摘要在实验围隔系统中,夏季利用凤眼莲、冬季利用耐寒型沉水植物伊乐藻等恢复水生生态系统,研究水生植物对水体氮、磷营养盐、透明度等理化性质的影响.结果表明:水生植物处理围区营养盐水平均显著低于围区对照和大湖水体.最初15d,凤眼莲生长速度快,覆盖面积从100m2增加到470m2;44d后,覆盖面积达到65%,处理围区的水质最佳,总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、亚硝态氮(NO2--N)、高锰酸钾盐指数(CODMn)和叶绿素a浓度最低,透明度达到1.7～1.8m(水底).10月份后,处理围区水体总磷(TP)维持在0.1mg·L-1左右.处理围区透明度提高后,伊乐藻逐渐成为优势种(覆盖面积达到总水域的1/3),在净化水质、维持水质理化性质稳定和提高透明度方面作用显著.表明水生植被恢复可以有效降低水体营养盐,控制浮游植物增长,是改善富营养湖泊水质的重要措施.关键词凤眼莲伊乐藻总氮总磷透明度文章编号1001-9332(2008)02-0407-06中图分类号X173文献标识码AIn-situremediationofpollutedwaterbodybyplantinghydrophytes.FANGYun-ying1,YANGXiao-e1,CHANGHui-qing2,PUPei-min1,3(1KeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalRemediationandEcosystemHealthofEducationMinistry,InstituteofAgriculturalChemistry,CollegeofEnviron-mentandResourceScience,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029,China;2DepartmentofEnvi-ronmentandResourceScience,HenanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Luoyang471003,Henan,China;3NanjingInstituteofGeography＆Limnology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China).-Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2008,19(2):407-412.Abstract:Inanexperimentalenclosuresystem,floatingplantEichhorniacrassipeswasplantedinsummerandsubmersedplantElodeanutalliwasplantedinwintertoreestablishwaterecosystem,andtoinvestigatetheeffectsofthehydrophytesontheremovalofnitrogenandphosphorusfrompol-lutedwaterbodyandtheimprovementofwatertransparency.Theresultsshowedthatcomparedwiththecontrolandnativepondwater,thewaterbodyplantedwithhydrophyteshadalowlevelofnutri-ents.E.crassipeshadafastgrowth,withitscoveredareaincreasedfrom100m2to470m2inthefirst15days,andto65%ofthewaterareaafter44days.Thetotalnitrogen,ammoniumnitrogen,nitritenitrogen,CODMnandchlorophylladecreasedtoalowerlevel,andthewatertransparencyin-creasedsignificantly,reachingtoadepthof1.7-1.8m(i.e.,tothebottomofthepond).AfterOctober,thetotalphosphoruskeptonabout0.1mg·L-1.Duetotheincreasedwatertransparen-cy,E.nutallibecamethedominantspeciesandcovered1/3ofthewaterarea,pl