三峡水库支流小江富营养化模型构建及在水量调度控藻中的应用
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2020-03-23 09:21:34
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LakeSci.(湖泊科学),2016,28(4):755—764D0I1O.18307/2016.0408@2016byJournalofLakeSciences三峡水库支流小江富营养化模型构建及在水量调度控藻中的应用杨中华,杨水草,李丹,白凤朋(I:武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072)(2:辽宁省水利水电勘测设计研究院,沈阳110006)摘要:三峡水库蓄水以来,支流小江呈富营养化加重的趋势,且多次暴发春季水华.水库蓄水以后支流流速变缓,水体滞留时间增加,是引发支流水华的主要因素之一.基于MIKE软件,建立小江调节坝下游至河口的二维水动力-富营养化模型,考虑碳、氮、磷3种元素在浮游植物有机体、死亡腐屑和无机盐中的循环转化,模拟小江河段的春季水华过程.分析小江生态调节坝的水量调节抑藻作用,即人为制造“洪水脉冲”,增加短时间内的水流流速,对下游流场进行扰动以控制水华.计算结果表明,增大泄水量对调节坝下游的小江河段的春季藻华总体上具有一定的抑制作用.小江上游河段调度作用效果明显,下游高阳至入汇EI河段调节作用较小,上游调节坝水力调度可以作为三峡水库支流水华应急治理措施之一.营养盐控制应该是控制支流水华的根本措施.关键词:富营养化模型;三峡水库;小江;生态调度;水华NumericalsimulationofeutrophicationanditstestofecologicaloperationscheduleinXi-aojiangRiver,thetributaryofThreeGorgesReservoirYANGZhonghua。rANGShuicao,LIDan&BAIFengpeng(1:StateKeyLaboratoryofWaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringScience,WuhanUniversity,Wuhan430072,P.R.China)(2:InvestigationandDesignInstituteofWaterResourcesandHydropowerLiaoningProvince,Shenyang110006,P.R.China)Abstract:XiaojiangRiver,thetributaryoftheThreeGorgesReservoir,hassufferedfromeutrophicationsincetheimpoundmentin2003.Previousstudyshowedthatthelowerfivervelocityandlongerresidencetimearethekeyfactorswhichpromotethephyto—planktonspringbloom.Atwodimensionalhydraulicandeutrophicationmodelwasdevelopedtoinvestigatethehydraulicandeu—trophieationdynamicsinXiaojiangbranch.Themodeldescribescyclingofthreenutrientselement,namelycarbon,nitrogenandphosphorus,inphytoplankton,detritusandinorganicnutrient.Theeffectofthehydraulicregulatingofthesub—reservoirondomi-nanceofthespringbloomwasexaminednumerically.Artificialflood—impulsefromthesub-reservoirisarrangedtopromotethephys—iealdisturbanceindownstreamriver.Themodelpredictsthatflushingwithwaterfromthesub—reservoirwillsuppressphytoplanktonbloomstosomeextentwhentheflushingwaterquantityissufficientlyincreased.TheeffectivesuppressingriverreachistheupperreachesofGaoyang.WhileinthereachbelowGaoyang,thereisnoobviousresponseofthephytoplanktongrowthtothehydraulicregulating.Theeco-operationoftheupstreamreservoircanbeusedasoneofth
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