乌梁素海生态环境存在的问题和治理措施

北方环境第24卷第4期2012年8月乌梁素海生态环境存在的问题和治理措施莫日根，童伟，段瑞琴，郑勇。，付美华，任晓晖(1．内蒙古环境科学研究院，呼和浩特010010；2．呼和浩特市城建职工中等专业学校，内蒙古01()010；3．乌拉特前旗环境保护监测站，内蒙古014400；4．巴彦淖尔市环境监测站，内蒙古015000)摘要：乌梁素海是内蒙古干旱区最为典型的浅水草藻型湖泊，近年来，乌梁素海的环境问题逐步显现，主要表现为：(1)湖区生态需水得不到满足，盐分不断累积，生态功能严重退化；(2)富营养化问题突出，内源污染日趋严重；(3)水生植物过量生长，植物物种趋于单一化，沼泽化趋势加剧；(4)外源污染没有得到有效遏制，仍然是乌梁素海主要污染来源；(5)湖区周围湿地生态系统功能退化，净化和拦截污染物能力下降；(6)湖泊周围水土流失严重，加速湖体萎缩。目前乌梁素海显现的生态环境问题日趋严重，若对乌梁素海进行可持续利用，让其更好的发挥各项生态功能，就必须把分析乌梁素海主要环境问题放在首位，针对乌梁素海存在的生态环境问题，提出确实有效的治理措施，为乌梁素海湖泊环境的研究与治理工作奠定基础。关键词：乌梁素海；生态环境；问题；治理措施中图分类号：X171文献标识码：A文章编号：1007—0370(2012)04-0018-05WuLiangSuhaiecologicalenvironmentproblemsandControlmeasuresMoRigen，TongWei2DuanRuiqin3，ZhengYong3FuMeihua’，RenXiaohuif1．InnerMongoliaAcademyofEnvironmentalScience,Huhhot01001~2．Hohhotconstructionworkersspecializedsecondaryschools，InnerMongolia0100143．EnvironmentalprotectionmonitoringstationofWulateqianqi,lnnerMongolia0144044．PBayannaoerEnvironmentalMonitoringStation．InnerMongolia015000)Abstract：Wuliangsuhaiisthemosttypicalwaterplantsalgae—typelakearidareainInnerMongolia，Inrecentyears，environmentalproblemsofWuliangsuhaigraduallyemerged，mainlyasfollows：(1)lackofecologicalwaterinthelakearea，saltaccumulating，seriousdegradationofecologicalfunctions；(2)eutrophicationwasprominent，thewithinpollutionsourcewasincreasinglyserious；(3)aquaticplantswhichtendedtobeasingleplantspeciesexcessivegrowedandtheswampofthelakeisincreasing；(4)foreignsourcepollutionwhichisthemajorsourceWuliangsuhaihadnotbeenefectivelycurbed；(5)thefunctionsofwetlandsaroundthelakeecosystemhaddegradated，SOtheabilityofpurificationandintercepttOpollutantshadbeendecreased；(6)soilerosionaroundthelakeisseriousanditleadingtoacceleratatrophyofthelake．AtpresenttheproblemoftheecologicalenvironmentofWuliangsuhaiisgrowing，IfwewanttOmakesustainableuseandplaybetterusetotheecologicalfunctionsofWuliangsuhai，wemustanalyzethemainenvironmentalissuesofWuliangsuhaiathefirstplaceitproposedtrulyandefficetivelymeasuresfortheproblemofEcologicalenvironmentinWuliangsuhai，Itisascientifi