接种微生物条件下牛粪+麦秸堆腐过程有机组分的动态变化

农业环境科学学报2009，28(11)：2417—2421JoumalofAgro—EnVironmentScience接种微生物条件下牛粪+麦秸堆腐过程有机组分的动态变化陈鲜妮，来航线，田霄鸿，王旭东(西北农林科技大学资源环境学院，陕西杨凌712100)摘要：大量排放的畜禽粪便若利用不当则会对环境构成威胁，经微生物发酵、制成高效有机肥料是粪肥与秸秆综合利用的一种重要方式。试验以牛粪添加不同比例的小麦秸秆为原料，在接种和非接种微生物的条件下进行堆腐，研究了腐解过程有机组分及腐殖物质的动态变化。结果表明，随着腐解进行，乙醇溶性组分含量逐渐降低；水溶性组分含量先升高再降低；半纤维素和纤维素含量随腐解进行呈现一定波动，但总体呈降低趋势；木质素含量呈增加趋势；全碳含量降低，腐殖物质碳占全碳的比例逐渐增加，H／F比值逐渐升高。秸秆的加入比例越高越有利于木质素的积累，牛粪所占比例越大则越有利于腐殖物质的形成。接种微生物可促进有机物料中各有机组分的分解，并有利于腐殖物质的形成。关键词：牛粪+秸秆；堆肥过程；有机组成；外源微生物；接种中图分类号：S141．4文献标志码：A文章编号：1672—2043(2009)11—2417一05DynamicsoforganicFractionsofCowManurePlusWheatStrawDuringDecomposition而thMicrobialInoc—lllationCHENXian—ni，LAIHang—xian，TIANXiao—hong，WANGXu—dong(C011egeofResourceandEnvironment，NorthwestA＆FUniversity，Yan91ing712100，China)Abstract：MoI．ethan4billiontonsof1iVestockandpoultrymanuI．eweI．edischargedannuallyatpresentinChinawhichhasbecameaseriousthI．eattotheenViI．onment．ThepI．oductionoforganicf．ertilizerthroughcompostingofthemanureinthepI．esentofstrawisanef-fectiVemethodforhandling1iVestockwaste．TheobjectiVeofthisstudywastoinVestigatechangesintheo曙anicfractionsincowmanure—wheatstrawcom—postduringdecompositionwithandwithoutmicrobialinoculation．DostdunngdecomDosltlonwlthandwlthoutmlcroblallnoculatlon．TheexperimentincludedthreeratiosofcowmanuI．etowheatstraw：100：0，75：25，and50：50．ThesemixtuI．esweI．einoculatedwithefficientcellulose一1ignindegradingbacteria，anduninoculatedsamplesweI．eusedascontr01．Thedecomposition1asted28days．Theresultsshowedthattheconcentrationofthealcoh01s01ublefractiondecI．easedgraduallydur—ingdecomposition。wheI．eastheconcentrationofthewaters01ublefractionincI．easedduringthefirst14davsandthendecI．eased．Semi—cellu—lngdecomDosltlon。wheI．eastheconcentratlono土thewatersoluble土ractlonlncI．easeddunngthe土lrstl4daVsandthendecI．eased．Seml—ce儿u一10seandcelluloseconcentrationsⅡuctuatedbutdecI．easedslightlyacrosstime，wheI．easthe1igninconcentrationsincI．eased．TheI．ewasadropintheconcentrationoftotalo曙aniccarbon(TOC)andariseinthehumicsubstancecarbontoTOCratio．Thehumicacidt