崇明东滩人工湿地越冬水禽行为观察_桑莉莉

崇明东滩人工湿地越冬水禽行为观察＊桑莉莉1葛振鸣1裴恩乐2徐骁俊1姜姗1王天厚1＊＊(1华东师范大学生命科学学院上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062;2上海市野生动物保护管理站,上海200233)摘要2006年12月上旬—2007年2月下旬,在崇明东滩堤内次生人工湿地(鱼-蟹塘)对7种优势种水禽的昼间(6:30—17:30)行为进行了观察。结果表明:白鹭(Egrettagarzetta)、苍鹭(Ardeacinerea)和斑嘴鸭(Anaspoecilorhyncha)以停伫行为为主,分别占全天行为的34.09%、45.45%和54.55%;白骨顶(Fulicaatra)、普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocoraxcarbo)取食行为较活跃,分别占全天行为的32.58%和35.00%;小(Tachybaptusruficollis)和银鸥(Larusargentatus)游水活动分别占全天行为的44.70%和31.82%。此外,环境温度和光照与水禽活动呈正相关,与风速负相关,湿地内水位由于变化不大而对越冬水禽行为影响不显著。关键词越冬水禽;行为;环境因子;崇明东滩中图分类号Q958文献标识码A文章编号1000-4890(2008)06-0940-06ObservationonthebehaviorsofwinteringwaterfowlsinartificialwetlandatChongmingDongtan.SANGLi-li1,GEZhen-ming1,PEIEn-le2,XUXiao-jun1,JIANGShan1,WANGTian-hou1(1ShanghaiKeyLaboratoryofUrbanizationandEcologicalRestoration,SchoolofLifeSciences,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200062,China;2DepartmentofWildlifeProtectionAdminis-tration,Shanghai200233,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2008,27(6):940-945.Abstract:FromthebeginningofDecember2006totheendofFebruary2007,observationsweremadeonthedaytime(6:30-19:30)behaviorsof7dominantspeciesofwinteringwaterfowlsinthesecondaryartificialwetland(fish-crabpond)atChongmingDongtan.TheresultsindicatedthatEgrettagarzetta,ArdeacinereaandAnaspoecilorhynchamostlyshowedstandingstillbehav-ior,accountingfor34.09%,45.45%and54.55%oftheirwholedaytimebehaviors,respec-tively.FulicaatraandPhalacrocoraxcarbopreferredtofeedingbehavior(32.58%and35.00%,respectively).SwimmingwasthemajorbehaviorofTachybaptusruficollisandLarusargentatus(44.70%and31.82%,respectively).Thewaterfowls'activitieswerepositivelycor-relatedwithtemperatureandsunlight,butnegativelycorrelatedwithwindspeed.Therelativelyconstantwaterlevelinthewetlandhadnosignificanteffectsonthebehaviorsoftestwaterfowls.Keywords:winteringwaterfowl;behavior;environmentalfactor,ChongmingDongtan.＊上海市科委重大课题项目(06DZ12303)和国家“十一五”科技支撑资助项目(2006BAC01A14)。＊＊通讯作者E-mail:thwang@bio.ecnu.edu.cn收稿日期:2007-07-09接受日期:2008-02-27崇明东滩位于长江入海口,是长江口较大的保持自然状态的河口滩涂湿地,也是迁徙于南北半球之间国际性候鸟停歇和补充能量的中转站、越冬地(赵平等