Net-ecosystem-services-value-of-wetland-Environmental-economic-account

Netecosystemservicesvalueofwetland:EnvironmentaleconomicaccountZ.M.Chena,G.Q.Chena,*,B.Chenb,J.B.Zhoua,Z.F.Yangb,Y.ZhoucaCollegeofEngineering,PekingUniversity,Beijing100871,ChinabSchoolofEnvironment,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875,ChinacTransformEco-environmentSolutionLtd.,Beijing100078,ChinaarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received15April2007Receivedinrevisedform24December2007Accepted25January2008Availableonline21May2008PACS:89.60.�k89.75.�kKeywords:EcosystemservicesConstructedwetlandEcologicalengineeringabstractFordecisionmakingintermsofenvironmentaleconomicsforwetlandconstruction,resto-rationandpreservation,netecosystemservicesvaluesofconstructed,human-interferedandnaturalwetlandsareexploredinthepresentworkasacomparativestudy.Theecosys-temservicesvaluesofapilotconstructedwetlandinBeijing,Chinaindifferentdiscountratesandtimehorizonsareaccountedandcomparedwiththoseofthenaturalwetlandsallovertheworldasameanandofatypicalhuman-interferedwetlandinWenzhou,China.Resultsshowthatinbothfiniteandinfinitetimehorizonsconsidered,theconstructedwet-landhasthelargestnetservicesvalueinareasonablediscountrate.�2008ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionEcosystemservicesaretheprofitspeopleobtainfromecosystemfunctionsassomeintrinsiccharacteristicsofthestruc-tureandprocessesofanecosystemtosatisfytheirneed.Whenaccountedaspartofhumanwelfare[1],ecosystemservicesvalue(ESV)isactuallyconsideredasthespecificpriceofecosystemservices.Owingtotherisingconcernonecosystemdegradationandtheincreasingneedfordecisionmakingtoconserveandre-storeecosystem,comprehensiveevaluationsonESVhavebeenemerged[2],sincetheproblemofmarketfailurefor‘‘freeservices”wasputforwardbyKrutilla[3].Inparticularly,wetlandasonekindofthemostimportantecosystemsintheworldhasattractedmanystudiesonESVevaluationinthepastdecades[4–12].Asthesynthesesofabovestudies,meta-analyseshavealsobeencarriedoutbyBrouweretal.[13],WoodwardandWui[14],Branderetal.[15]andGhermandietal.[16].Indecisionmakingofanecologicalengineering,whatmattersisnotthe