Phytoremediation-in-Engineered-Wetlands-Mechanisms-and-Applications

1878-0296©2010PublishedbyElsevierdoi:10.1016/j.proenv.2010.10.142Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comProcediaEnvironmentalSciences2(2010)1315–1325*Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+1-709-737-3301;fax:+1-709-737-4042.E-mailaddress:bzhang@mun.caInternationalSocietyforEnvironmentalInformationSciences2010AnnualConference(ISEIS)PhytoremediationinEngineeredWetlands:MechanismsandApplicationsB.Y.Zhanga*,J.S.Zhenga,andR.G.SharpbaFacultyofEngineeringandAppliedScience,MemorialUniversityofNewfoundland,St.John's,NL,A1B3X5CanadabAbydozEnvironmentalLimted,MountPearl,NL,A1N4S9CanadaAbstractEngineeredwetlandphytoremediationisanaestheticallypleasing,solar-driven,passivetechniqueusefulforcleaningupwastesincludingmetals,pesticides,crudeoil,polyaromatichydrocarbons,andlandfillleachatesandhasbecomeanincreasinglyrecognizedpathwaytoadvancethetreatmentcapacityofwetlandsystems.Thisreviewaddressesthemechanismsofphytoremediationinengineeringwetlandsystemswhenreducingloadsofvariouscontaminants,aswellastheapplicationofphytoremediationasanenvironmentallysoundtechnologyinengineeredwetlandsystemsinbothlaboratoryandfieldlevels,followedbyacasestudyoffullscaleapplicationinNewfoundland,Canada.Thereviewisexpectedtohelpaddmorecapacitytounderstandphytoremediationinengineeredwetlandsystems,andestablishaneffectiveframeworkforfurtherapplications.©2010PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Keywords:Constructedwetlands,EWs;Mechanism,Metals,Organiccompunds;Phytoremediation1.IntroductionPhytoremediationistheuseofplantstocleanuporcontrolmanykindsofpollutantsincludingmetals,pesticidesandoil[1].Thoseplantsalsohelppreventwind,rain,andgroundwaterfromcarryingpollutionawayfromsitestootherareas[2].Overthelasttwodecades,phytoremediationhasbecomeanincreasinglyrecognizedpathwayforcontaminantremovalfromwaterandshallowsoilsandisanaestheticallypleasing,solar-driven,passivetechniqueusefulforremediationofshallowplumeswithlowtomoderatelevelsofcontamination[2].Subsurfaceplumestraveldown-gradientandcanundergoremediationalongthewayprimarilythroughmicrob