不同化学添加剂对猪粪堆肥中氮素损失的控制
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2020-03-31 14:10:27
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农业环境科学学报2011,30(5):1001—1006JournalofAgro-EnvironmentScience不同化学添加剂对猪粪堆肥中氮素损失的控制史春梅1,王继红1,李国学垆,江滔2,魏洪飞1,马志宏2(1.吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118;2.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193)摘要:以氢氧化镁+磷酸、磷酸、磷酸二氢钾+氯化镁和磷酸二氧钙+氯化镁为同氮添加剂,以猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料,采用强制通风静态垛堆肥装置进行高温好氧堆肥试验,研究了不同化学添加剂对猪粪堆肥过程中的保氮效果。结果表明,化学添加剂可以显著降低堆肥化过程中氨气的排放率。氢氧化镁+磷酸、磷酸、磷酸二氢钾+氯化镁和磷酸二氨钙+氯化镁的氮索损失分别占初始氮的13.15%、11.50%、10.69%和7.59%,与对照相比,各添加剂处理的固氮率为58.27%一75.90%。磷酸二氢钙+氯化镁处理的氮素损失最少,但堆肥过程中有机物降解受到明显的抑制作用。在堆肥结束时,各添加剂处理的有机物降解率仅为对照处理的58.48%-98.70%。最终堆肥产品的种子发芽指数为69.87%一118.24%,表明所有处理在堆置39d后均达到腐熟。根据模糊评价的结果,该试验中的磷酸二氢钾和氯化镁是堆肥过程中最佳的固氮材料。关键词:猪粪;氮素损失;氨气挥发;腐熟中图分类号:S141.4文献标志码:A文章编号:1672—2043(2011)05-1001-06ControlofDifferentChemicalAdditivesonNitrogenLossDuringCompostingofPigManureSHIChun-meil,WANGJi-hon91,LIGuo-xue2’,JIANGTa02,WEIHong-foil,MAZhi-hon92(1.CollegeofResourceandEnvironmentScience,JilinAgriculturalUniversity,Jilin130118,China;2.CollegeofResourceandEnvironmentScience,ChinaAgriculturalUniversity,BeOing100193。China)Abstract:NitrogenconservationeffectofdifferentadditivesduringthecompostingofpigmatureandcornstalksWaSevaluatedinthispaper.TheresultsshowedthattheadditivesnotonlyreducedtheNH3emissionrate,butalsoshoflenedthetimeoftheNH3emission.ThetreatmentsofMg(OH)2+H3P04,831'0“KH2P04+MgCl2andCa(H2P04)2十MgCl2reducedthenitrogenlossesas13.15%,11.50%,10.69%and7.59%respectively.ComparedwiththeCKtreatment,thenitrogenfixationratesoftheothertreatmentswerefrom58.27%to75.90%.ThenitrogenlossofthetreatmentCa(H2P04)2+MgCl2Wagtheleast,butitalsolessenedthepHvalueandfinallyhadasignificantinhibitioneffectontheorganicmatterdegradationduringthecomposting.Afterthetrialswerefinished.theorganicmatterdegradationratesofthesetreatmentswithadditiveswereonlyfrom58.48%to98.70%ofCKtreatment.Therewerenotsignificanteffectsonthec/.Nbetweenthetreatments.negermi-nationindexoftheendproductswerefrom69.87%toll8.24%.whichindicatedthatalltreatmentswerematuredafter39days.Accordingtotheresultsoffuzzyevaluation,itWasconcludedthatbothKH2P04andMgCl2weretheoptimaltobeusedasthenitrogenconservation
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