生态工程领域微生物菌剂研究进展

生态工程领域微生物菌剂研究进展摘要:阐述了微生物菌剂在生态工程领域的应用范围、效果和国内外的研究状况，总结了目前微生物菌剂研制中菌种的选育方法和常用的几类菌，并通过系统举例介绍了乳酸菌、酵母菌、光合细菌、芽孢杆菌这些常用菌种在污染物处理方面的效果及在废水处理生态工程方面的相关研究进展。同时，阐明了微生物混合培养技术在复合菌剂研究中的重要性，对微生物菌剂的作用机理进行了探讨，指出了目前关于微生物菌剂的研究大多只是集中于应用效果方面，而对作用机理研究得不够深入，以及复合菌系中微生物相互作用和影响的复杂性，并对此提出了一些建议。最后，对微生物菌剂的应用前景进行了展望。关键词:微生物菌剂;混合培养;乳酸菌;酵母菌;光合细菌;芽孢杆菌ResearchprogressofmicrobialagentsinecologicalengineeringAbstract:Microbialagentsespeciallythosecomposedbyavarietyofmicroorganismswithdifferentdegradationfunctionsandsymbioticrelationshipinanappropriateratioorpreparedbymixedculturewereanimportantresearchingareainappliedmicrobiologyrecently，whichaccomplishtransformingscientifictheoriesintopracticalproductiveforces．Microbialagentshavebeengraduallyusedinsomeaspectsofecologicalengineeringtoregulatetheecologicalbalanceandprotecttheenvironment，suchasplanting，breedingandpollutanttreatment，andhaveachievedgoodresults，especiallyinenvironmentalprotection．Theirsignificantadvantageshavebeenwidelyrecognized．Usingmicroorganismstosolveenvironmentalpollutionhasagoodprospect，thatiswhymoreandmorepeoplearecommittedtotheresearchanddevelopmentofmicrobialagents．Since1970，someproductsofcomplexmicrobialagentsweredevelopedinEurope，AmericaandJapan，andwerestartedlargescaleproductions．Themicrobialagentswerefirstlyappliedtotreatingsewage，industrialwastewater，andotherchemicalpollutions．Inthispaper，theapplyingscope，effectsandmechanismofmicrobialagentsinthefieldofecologicalengineeringweresummarized，frominternationalanddomesticliteratures．Thestrainsbreedingmethodsandseveraltypesofbacteriacommonlyusedinthedevelopmentofmicrobialagentsaresummedup．Andtheeffectsofwastewatertreatingprojectsofthroughapplyinglacticacidbacteria，yeast，photosyntheticbacteria，bacilluswereintroducedthroughsomeexamples．Meanwhile，mixedmicrobialcultureandtheinteractingmechanismsinthestudyofmicrobialagentswerediscussed．Manystudiesshowedthatthedegradationortransformoforganicmattersneedscooperationbyvariestypesofmicroorganisms，andthecomplexbiologicalandchemicalinteractioncoul