上海崇明东滩堤内次生人工湿地鸟类冬春季生境选择的因子分析_葛振鸣

动物学研究2006,Apr.27(2):144-150CN53-1040/QISSN0254-5853ZoologicalResearch上海崇明东滩堤内次生人工湿地鸟类冬春季生境选择的因子分析葛振鸣,王天厚＊,周晓,赵平,施文(华东师范大学生命科学学院上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062)摘要:2004年12月—2005年5月,对上海崇明东滩98海堤内200hm2次生人工湿地进行鸟类调查,在冬季统计到鸟类8目15科56种,以游、涉禽为主;在春季统计到鸟类10目19科55种,以涉禽为主。运用多元回归对鸟类种类数、数量、物种多样性、均匀性指数和科属多样性等群落特征以及调查样点内水位、水面积、植被盖度、底栖动物密度、鱼类捕捞和人类干扰等环境因子进行鸟类生境选择分析。回归模型显示冬季鸟类种类数与植被盖度呈显著正相关,鸟类数量、物种多样性、科属多样性等群落特征与水位高低、水面积比例以及鱼类捕捞强度等有关,底栖动物密度影响鸟类均匀度和数量;春季鸟类数量与鱼塘的水面积呈正相关,而种类和数量与水位呈显著负相关,物种多样性和均匀性明显受水位、水面积和植被盖度影响,鸟类科属多样性与底栖动物密度呈显著相关,捕捞状况对春季鸟类群落影响不大。关键词:崇明东滩;次生人工湿地;鸟类群落;生境选择中图分类号:Q959.708;Q958.12文献标识码:A文章编号:0254-5853(2006)02-0144-07Factor-analysisonHabitat-selectionoftheAvianCommunityattheArtificialWetlandsBehindtheChongmingDongtanSeawallDuringWinterandSpringGEZhen-ming,WANGTian-hou＊,ZHOUXiao,ZHAOPing,SHIWen-yu(ShanghaiKeyLaboratoryofUrbanEcology,SchoolofLifeSciences,EastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai200062,China)Abstract:FromDecember2004toMay2005,anavianstudywasundertakenintheartificialwetlandsof200-haareabehindthe1998sseawallinChongmingDongtan,Shanghai.Atotalof56birdspeciesof8ordersand15familieswerecountedinthewinterof2004,andthedominantspecieswerewaterbirdsandshorebirds;55speciesof10ordersand19familieswerecountedinthespringof2005,whichweredominatedbyshorebirds.Meanwhile,theenvironmentalfactorsincludingwaterlevel,waterarea,vegetationcoverage,macrobenthosdensity,fishingstatusandhumandisturbanceweremeasuredquantitatively.Basedonmulti-regressionanalysisbetweenbirdcommunityandenvironmentalvariables,there-sultsindicatedthatinwinter,thevegetationcoveragepositivelycorrelatedwithbirdspeciesabundance;thewaterlevel,waterareaandfishingstatusimpactedonthebirdnumberanddiversityofspecies,genusandfamily;andthemacroben-thosdensityaffectedthenumberandevennessofbirds.Inspring,thewaterareahadpositiverelationshipwithbirdspeciesabundance,butthewaterlevelbecameanegativefactoronthebirdspeciesabundanceandnumber;thebirdsspeciesdiversityandevennesswereaffectedbywaterlevel,waterareaandvegetationcoverage;macrobenthosd