水培经济植物对污水中磷的吸收利用及去除效果_徐晓锋

水培经济植物对污水中磷的吸收利用及去除效果＊徐晓锋1,3史龙新2许海1杨林章1＊＊(1中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008;2无锡市太湖湖泊治理有限责任公司,无锡214023;3河南科技大学农学院,洛阳471003)摘要对13种经济植物在污水水培条件下净化污水中磷的能力进行了研究。结果表明,黑麦草(Loliummultiflorum)、水芹(Oenanthestolonifera)、莴苣(Lactucasativavar.angustana)、酸模(Poly-gonumiapathifolium)、生菜(Lactucasativa)、小葱(Alliumascalonicum)、五月慢青菜(Brassicachinen-sis)等品种具有较高的净化能力。在4个半月的水培中,TP的去除量分别达到10.27、10.35、6.5～6.89、6.91、5.72、5.46和6.19g·m-2;TP的去除率分别达到94.5%、95.2%、93.6%～99.3%、99.6%、99.5%、95%和89.2%。植物吸收作用是最主要的污水磷去除机制,沉淀在污水磷净化中的作用较小。污水中磷的去除与植物的生长期密切相关。黑麦草、水芹等7种植物适宜作为苏南地区冬季化粪池污水水培植物。关键词污水水培,磷,净化,经济植物中图分类号Q945.12文献标识码A文章编号1000-4890(2006)04-0383-06Effectsofaqua-culturedeconomicplantsonphosphorusremovalfromsewage.XUXiaofeng1,3,SHILongx-in2,XUHai1,YANGLinzhang1(1InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Nanjing210008,China;2WuxiTaihuLakeTreatingCompany,Wuxi214023,China;3CollegeofAgronomy,HenanUni-versityofScienceandTechnology,Luoyang471003,China).ChineseJournalofEcology,2006,25(4):383～388.Inthispaper,13kindsofeconomicplantswereaqua-culturedinawastewatersystemtotesttheircapabilityinphosphorousremovalfromsewage.Theresultsshowedthatamongtheplantstested,Loliummultiflorum,Oenanthestolonifera,Lactucasativavar.angustana,Polygonumiapathifolium,Lactucasativa,AlliumascalonicumandBrassicachinensiscouldremovethephosphorusfromwastewatereffectually.Duringthe4.5monthsofaquaculture,theremovalamountoftotalphosphorusbythe7plantspecieswas10.27,10.35,6.5～6.89,6.91,5.72,5.46and6.19g·m-2,andtheremovalratewas94.5%,95.2%,93.6%～99.3%,99.6%,99.5%,95%and89.2%,respectively.Phosphorusabsorptionbyplantswasthemostimportantwaytoremovethephosphorusfromsewage,andtheefficiencyofphosphorusremovalwascorrelatedwiththegrowthperiodofplants.Itwasindicatedthat7kindsofeconomicplantsincludingL.multiflorumandO.stoloniferaweresuitableforaquacultureinsouthJiangsuProvinceinwinter.Keywordswastewateraquaculture,phosphorus,removal,economicplant.＊国家“十五”重大科学技术资助项目(2002AA601012)。＊＊通讯作者收稿日期:2005-06-24接受日期:2005-10-151引言水污染是我国目前面临的最严峻的生态问题。湖泊和流域的富营养化造成水生态系统退化,水资源的可利用性降低