潜流人工湿地处理污染河水冬季运行及升温强化处理研究_张建

潜流人工湿地处理污染河水冬季运行及升温强化处理研究张建1,2,邵文生1,何苗2＊,胡洪营2,高宝玉1(1.山东大学环境科学与工程学院,济南250100;2.清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084)摘要:考察了冬季潜流人工湿地污染河水处理系统在不同水力负荷下对污染物去除的效果.结果表明,水温15℃左右时,水力负荷由30cm/d降低到15cm/d后,氨氮转化率由14%上升到39%,COD的平均去除率由20%上升到31%,水温的降低对氨氮去除效果有很大的影响.在湿地表面覆盖塑料地膜能有效地提高系统对污染物的去除效果,覆盖地膜后,氨氮平均去除率由29.4%上升到67.6%,COD的平均去除率由29.0%提高到46.6%,脲酶活性由0.025mg/(g·d)上升到0.037mg/(g·d),脱氢酶的活性由0.17μL/(d·g)上升到4.54μL/(d·g).微生物活性研究表明,覆盖地膜后系统温度的升高能提高系统中微生物的活性.植物污染物质释放试验表明,冬季地表植物腐烂会向水中释放大量的污染物质,影响系统的净化效果,因此秋季应对湿地植物及时进行收割.关键词:人工湿地;冬季运行;污染河水中图分类号:X522文献标识码:A文章编号:0250-3301(2006)08-1560-05收稿日期:2005-07-05;修订日期:2005-10-08基金项目:国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2003AA601080);国家自然科学基金项目(50508019)作者简介:张建(1976～),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为水污染控制,E-mail:zhangjian00@sdu.edu.cn＊通讯联系人TreatmentPerformanceandEnhancementofSubsurfaceConstructedWetlandTreatingPollutedRiverWaterinWinterZHANGJian1,2,SHAOWen_sheng1,HEMiao2,HUHong_ying2,GAOBao_yu1(1.SchoolofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,ShandongUniversity,Jinan250100,China;2.DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China)Abstract:Treatmentperformanceofsubsurfaceconstructedwetlandtreatingpollutedriverwaterinwinterwasstudied.Whenhydraulicloadingfelldownfrom30cm/dto15cm/d,theaverageremovalratesofammoniumnitrogenandCODroseupfrom14%and20%to39%and31%respectively.Watertemperaturehadgreatinfluenceonammoniumnitrogenremoval.Membraneoverlayonthewetlandcouldimprovepollutantsremovalefficiently.TheaverageremovalratesofammoniumnitrogenandCODcouldriseupfrom29.4%and29%to67.6%and46.6%respectively.Microorganismenzymeactivityexperimentsshowthatincreaseofmicroorganismactivitycausedbymembraneoverlaycontributedalottopollutantsremovalenhancement.Ureaseactivityroseupfrom0.025mg/(g·d)to0.037mg/(g·d)withmembraneoverlay,anddehydrogenaseactivityroseupfrom0.17μL/(d·g)to4.54μL/(d·g)withmembraneoverlay.Thepollutantsreleasingexperimentofaquaticplantsshowthatfadedplantswouldreleasealotofpollutantsintowater.Therefore,plantsharvestwasnecessaryinautumn.Keywords:constructedwetland;winter;pollutedriverwater近年