异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌Paracoccus+pantotrophus+ATCC+35512的研究进展

应用与环境生物学报2008，14(4l585-592ChinJApplEnvironBiol=ISSN1006—687X2008—08—25DOI：10．3724／SP．J．1145．2008．00585异养硝化一好氧反硝化茵racoccuspantotrophusATCC35512的研究进展术杨航黄钧刘博(中国科学院成都生物研究所成都610041)(首都经济贸易大学环境工程学院环境工程系北京100070)摘要近年来发现了一类具有偶联异养硝化一好氧反硝化功能的细菌．ParacoccuspantotrophusATCC35512是其中最早发现的细菌．通过对该菌株16SrRNA序列和细胞色素C的氨基酸序列分析，确立其为一个新种Paracoccustotrophs，ATCC35512被确定为模式株．该菌株的异养硝化一好氧反硝化偶联途径假说被提出，其反应途径中涉及的一系列酶和电子传递体也陆续被纯化研究．本文综述了对该菌株系统分类、形态和生理生化特征、硝化一反硝化偶联假说及氮循环酶系等的研究进展，并提出了进一步揭示异养硝化好氧反硝化现象的研究方向．表2参50关键词Paracoccuspantotrophus；ATCC35512；异养硝化好氧反硝化；氮循环酶系CTCX703AdvancesinResearchofHeterotrophicNitrification-AerobicDenitrificationStrainParacoccuspantotrophusATCC35512YANGHang．HUANGJun&L1UBo(ChengduInstituteofBiology,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Chengdu610041，China)(2DepartmentofEnvironmentEngineering,CollegeofEnvironmentEngineering,CapitalUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness，Beijing100070，China)AbstractAkindofbacteriawithcapabilityofheterotrophicnitrification—aerobicdenitrificationhavebeenreportedinrecentyears．Ofthem．thestrainParacoccuspantotrophusATCC35512wasfirstlydiscovered．Basedontheanalysisofits16SrRNAsequencesandaminoacidsequencesofitsc-typecytochrome．anewspeciesnamedasParacoccuspantotrophushasbeenestablished．andATCC35512determinedasthetypestrain．Ahypothesisofthecombinedheterotrophicnitrification—aerobicdenitrificationwasputforward．Furthermoreaseriesofenzymesandelectrontransferproteinsinthisroutehavebeenpurifiedinsuccession．Inthispaper，theresearchprogressesofthisstrain，suchasitsdefinitioninthetaxonomy,physiologicalproperties，modelforexplanationofthecoupledheterotrophicnitrification—aerobicdenitrification，andtheN—cycleenzymesarereviewed，andfurtherstudiesonthephenomenonofheterotrophicnitrification—aerobicdenitrificationofthisstrainaresuggested．Tlab2．Ref50KeywordsParacoccuspantotrophus；ATCC35512；heterotrophicnitrification—aerobicdenitrification；N—cycleenzymeCICX703传统理论认为，微生物的硝化和反硝化作用是两个完全不同的生化过程．硝化作用一般在好氧条件下进行，分两个阶段，由两种化能自养菌完成：亚硝化菌将氨转化为亚硝酸根，硝化菌将亚硝酸根氧化为硝酸根；反硝化作用由异养的反硝化菌在厌氧或兼氧的条件下将硝酸根、亚硝酸根还原为氮气或氮氧化物．反硝化