巢湖流域农村生活污水处理技术模式调查和分析

农业环境科学学报2012，31(1)：179-184JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience巢湖流域农村生活污水处理技术模式调查和分析黄治平，张克强，沈丰菊，马友华，翟中葳，孙丽(1．农业部环境保护科研监测所，天津300191；2．安徽农业大学资源与环境学院，合肥230036)摘要：通过对巢湖流域9个县市典型的农村生活污水处理示范工程的调查分析，结果表明：目前巢湖流域生活污水处理主要有分散式厌氧一人工湿地集中处理、三水分离处理、污水收集集中处理和一体化设备集中处理等4种模式。其中分散式厌氧一人工湿地集中处理模式能减轻黑水管网布设的费用，在规划良好的村庄是一种可持续性发展的污水处理模式；三水分离模式主要是就地处理冲厕黑水，该模式投资比较省，无需完善的污水收集系统，可在经济水平落后且远离河流等公共水域的村庄应用；集中处理模式和一体化污水集中处理模式具有污水处理可控的优点，但需要完善的污水管网收集系统，投资费用高昂，在经济发达且良好规划的新村能取得很好的效果。关键词：农村生活污水；处理模式；巢湖流域中图分类号：X703．1文献标志码：A文章编号：1672—2043(2012)01—0179—06InvestigationonRuralDomesticWastewaterTreatmentModelsinChaohuLakeBasinHUANGZhi-ping，ZHANGKe-qiang，SHENFeng-ju，MAYou-hua。，ZHAIZhong—wei，SUNLi(1．InstituteofAgro-environmentalProtection，MinistryofAgriculture，Tianjin300191，China；2．SchoolofResourcesandEnvironment，An—huiAgriculturalUniversity，Hefei230036，China)Abstract：Thepurposeofthisstudyistoinvestigatethetypicaldemonstrationprojectsofruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentatninedifferentc0untiesinChaohuLakeBasin．Resultsshowedthattherewerefourkindsofruraldomesticwastewatertreatmentmodels，whichweredecen—tralizedsanitationanaerobic—constructedwetlandcentralizedtreatmentsystem，three—kindwastewaterseparationtreatmentsystem，central—izedtreatmentsystemandcentralizedtreatmentofintegratedequipmentssystemrespectivelyatpresentinChaohuLakeBasin．Thedecen—tralizedsanitationanaerobic——constructedwetlandcentralizedtreatmentsystemcouldreducethecapitalcostsofsewagepipenetworkcon——struction，whichwouldbeakindofsustainablemodelfortheruralareawithgoodplanning．Thethree—kindwastewaterseparationtreatmentsystemcouldtreatthetoiletblackwaterinsitu．whichcouldsaveinvestmentcostandoperatewellwiththepoor—foundwastewatercollectionsystemandprovideapplicationfortheruralareafarwayfromthepublicwaterbodywithundevelopedeconomy．Thecentralizedtreatmentsystemandcentralizedtreatmentofintegratedequipmentssystemcouldcontrolandmanagetheprocessofwastewatertreatmentverywell，whichneedthewell-foundwastewatercollectionsystemandlargeamountofinvestmentandbothweresuitablefor