功能膜覆盖好氧堆肥过程氨气减排性能研究

2017年11月农业机械学报第48卷第11期doi：10．6041／j，issn．10001298．2017．11，042功能膜覆盖好氧堆肥过程氨气减排性能研究马双双孙晓曦韩鲁佳李仁权UWESchliek黄光群(1．中国农业大学工学院，b京100083；2．青海藏地堂生物科技开发有限公司，西宁810000；3．UTVAG公司，巴登巴登76534)摘要：畜禽粪便高温好氧堆肥过程中氨气的排放不仅污染环境，而且会降低有机肥氮素含量。因此，控制好氧堆肥过程中氨挥发是降低氮损失及减少堆肥周边环境恶臭的关键。为研究膜覆盖对畜禽粪便好氧堆肥过程氨气挥发的影响，以猪粪和小麦秸秆为试验原料，采用具有选择渗透性的Gore膜作为覆盖材料，在实验室好氧堆肥反应器系统中进行了为期27d的好氧堆肥试验。试验设置覆膜组和对照组，采用开启1h、关闭1h间歇通风方式，通风速率为3L／min，重点监测堆肥过程堆体温度、氧浓度和NH排放速率等。研究表明：覆膜组比对照组高温期持续时间略长，更有利于杀死堆俸有害病原菌；相比于对照组，覆膜组NH排放量减少1887％；相比于温度峰值出现的时间，两组试验NH，峰值出现时间均延后，且覆膜组延后时间更长。美镳词：氨气；减排；膜覆盖；好氧堆肥中圈分类罨：S216文献标识码；A文章编号；1000-1298(2017)11-0344-06ReductionofAmmoniaEmissionduringMembrane-coveredAerobicCompostingMAShuangshuangSUNXiaoxiHANLujiaLIRenquan。UWESchlick。HUANGGuangqun(1，CollegeofEngineeringChinaAgriculturalUniversity，曰e彬ng100083，China2qinghaiZangditangBiologicalTechnologyDevelopmentCo，Ltd，Xining810000，China3．UTVAG，BadenBaden76534，Germany)Abstract：Theemissionofammoniainmanurehightemperatureaerobiccompostingnotonlypollutedtheairbutalsoreducedthenitrogencontentoforganicfertilizer．Therefore，thecontrolofeompostingprocessofammoniavolatilizationisthekeyofreducingnitrogenlossandenvironmentorderemission．Inordertostudytheeffectofmembranecoveredonreducingtheemissionofammoniainmanureaerobietempesting，pigmanureandwheatstrawwereusedasexperimentalmaterials，andGorefilmwithselectivepermeabilitywasusedascoveringmaterial，theaerobiccompostingtrialwascarriedoutinalab-scaleintelligentmembrane-eoveredaerobiceompostingreactorsystemfor27d．Therewel'~membrane—coveredtreatmentandcontroltreatmentinthistria1．Airblownatanhoudyinterval(flowvelocityof3L／minthroughthepipeatthebottomofthereactordifusedthroughtheeompostingmaterialtomaintainaerobicconditionsTheeompostingtemperature、oxygencontentandammoniaconcentrationweremeasuredduringthecomposting．Theresultsshowedthatthehightemperaturedurationofthememhrane—coveredgroupwaslongerthanthatofthecontrolgroup，anditwasmorebeneficialtokilltheharmfulpathogensComparedwiththecontrolgroup，theNH，emissioninthemembrane—coveredgroupWaSdecre