牛粪联合玉米秸秆好氧堆肥理化性状分析

牛粪联合玉米秸秆好氧堆肥理化性状分析史向远袁王秀红袁周静袁李欣欣袁王保平袁李永平袁张纪涛袁杜慧平（山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心，山西太原030031）摘要院好氧堆肥是处理畜禽粪便和作物秸秆等农业废弃物的有效途径。利用好氧堆肥方式对2种堆料（配比1（C/N＝30）和配比2（C/N＝25））发酵过程中理化性状进行对比分析，以探讨不同C/N对堆料降解的影响。结果表明，配比不同对堆肥过程中物料的理化性状有一定影响。配比1堆体升温至50℃的时间较配比2提前6h，配比1堆体55℃以上高温持续时间较配比2多10d，说明配比1更适合微生物生长活动，有利于无害化处理；2种堆料的pH值在好氧堆肥过程中均偏碱性，pH值大小存在上下波动的现象；配比1和配比2的C/N发酵末期分别比建堆初期下降了37.83%和34.64%；配比1的水溶性有机碳氮比，除第20天和第34天较配比2稍低外，其余时间均高于配比2；配比1的有机质含量呈下降趋势，而配比2有机质含量呈上升趋势。整个发酵期间，配比1的E4/E6值与配比2相差不大，说明堆料的腐殖化水平差异不大。2种配比的EC值在初期差异较大，5次翻堆时的EC值大小差异不明显，EC值均在2.29～3.38mS/cm。除第1次翻堆时，配比1在其他发酵时间的种子发芽指数均较配比2高，说明秸秆和牛粪二者所占的比例对种子发芽指数有影响。分析得出，配比1的堆肥效果优于配比2。关键词院牛粪；玉米秸秆；好氧堆肥；理化性状中图分类号院S141.4文献标识码院A文章编号院1002-2481（2019）07-1217-05AnalysisofPhysicochemicalCharactersofAerobicCompostingofCattleManureCombinedwithCornStrawSHIXiangyuan，WANGXiuhong，ZHOUJing，LIXinxin，WANGBaoping，LIYongping，ZHANGJitao，DUHuiping（ResearchCenterofModernAgriculture，ShanxiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences，Taiyuan030031，China）Abstract：Aerobiccompostingisaneffectivewaytotreatagriculturalwastessuchascattlemanureandcropstraw.ToexploretheeffectsofdifferentC/Nratiosonthedegradationofcompost,comparativeanalysisofthephysicochemicalcharacterswascarriedoutduringfermentationwithtwokindsofcomposts（1.C/N＝30and2.C/N＝25）byaerobiccompostinginthisstudy.Theresultsshowedthatdifferentratioshadcertaineffectsonthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofmaterialsinthecompostingprocess.Thetimeofheatingupto50℃intheratio1reactorwas6hearlierthanthatintheratio2,andthedurationofhightemperatureabove55℃intheratio1reactorwas10dlongerthanthatintheratio2,whichindicatedthattheratio1wasmoresuitableforthegrowthofmicroorganismsandwasbeneficialtoharmlesstreatment.ThepHvaluesofthetwocompostswerealkalineintheaerobiccompostingprocessandfluctuatedupanddown.TheC/Nvaluesofratio1andratio2decreasedby37.83%and34.64%,respectively,attheendoffermentationcomparedwiththeinitialstageofreactorconstruction.Thewater-solubleorganiccarbon-nitrogenratiooftheratio1washigherthanthatoftheratio2fortherestofthetimeexceptthattheratio20dand34dwer