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酸碱预处理对水稻秸秆厌氧消化中重金属释放的影响

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  • 2020-04-09 19:15:47

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酸碱预处理对水稻秸秆厌氧消化中重金属释放的影响①辛立庆,郭朝晖,肖细元,彭驰,徐文轩,彭丽,余东萍(中南大学冶金与环境学院,湖南长沙410083)摘要:为探究含重金属秸秆类生物质厌氧消化的可行性,以酸碱预处理后水稻秸秆为消化底物,探究其厌氧消化特性及重金属释放规律。研究结果表明,经6%NaOH预处理的水稻秸秆厌氧消化沼气产量达446.3mL/gVS,秸秆中Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的释放率分别达到96.08%、89.55%、86.95%和92.82%;经3%H2SO4预处理的水稻秸秆沼气产量为396.9mL/gVS,秸秆中Cd释放率为93.96%,而Pb、Cu和Zn释放率均低于80.00%。碱预处理降解秸秆中木质素,酸预处理降解半纤维素,厌氧消化降解利用木质纤维素等过程实现了水稻秸秆中重金属的高效释放。化学预处理尤其是NaOH预处理水稻秸秆可以促进其厌氧消化产沼气和重金属释放,实现含重金属生物质的安全处置和资源化利用。关键词:水稻秸秆;碱预处理;酸预处理;厌氧消化;重金属;木质纤维素;沼气中图分类号:X712文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-6099.2019.02.018文章编号:0253-6099(2019)02-0075-04EffectofAcidandAlkaliPretreatmentonReleaseofHeavyMetalsbyAnaerobicDigestionofRiceStrawXINLi⁃qing,GUOZhao⁃hui,XIAOXi⁃yuan,PENGChi,XUWen⁃xuan,PENGLi,YUDong⁃ping(SchoolofMetallurgyandEnvironment,CentralSouthUniversity,Changsha410083,Hunan,China)Abstract:Theheavymetal⁃containingricestraw,afterpretreatedwithNaOHorH2SO4solution,wasadoptedasadigestivesubstratetoexploretheanaerobicdigestioncharacteristicsandreleasemechanismofheavymetalsbyanaerobicdigestion.Theresultsshowedthat,afterpretreatmentwith6%NaOH,thebiogasyieldfromanaerobicdigestionofricestrawreached446.3mL/gVSandthereleaseratesofCd,Pb,CuandZnwere96.08%,89.55%,86.95%and92.82%,respectively.Andafterpretreatmentwith3%H2SO4,thebiogasyieldofricestrawwas396.9mL/gVSandthereleaserateofCdfromstrawwas93.96%,whilereleaseratesofPb,CuandZnwerealllowerthan80.00%.Itisfoundthatduetothedegradationoftheligninandhemicelluloseinthestrawbyalkaliandacidpretreatment,respectively,plusthedegradationoflignocellulosebyanaerobicdigestion,theefficientreleaseoftheheavymetalsfromricestrawcanberealized.Chemicalpretreatment,especiallypretreatmentofricestrawwithNaOH,canpromotetheyieldofbiogasandreleaseofheavymetalsbyanaerobicdigestion,thusachievingthepurposeofsafedisposalofheavymetal⁃containingbiomass,aswellasresourcesutilization.Keywords:ricestraw;alkalipretreatment;acidpretreatment;anaerobicdigestion;heavymetal;lignocellulose;biogas我国是农业大国,每年秸秆产量约8亿吨[1]。水稻秸秆是一种主要农业废弃物,大量稻秆随地堆弃和任意焚烧,既污染环境,又造成了资源的浪费[2-3]。秸秆厌氧消化技术的应用不仅能缓解工农业

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