Start-up of UASB reactors treating municipalwastew

Start-up of UASB reactors treating municipalwastewater and effect of temperaturesludge ageand hydraulic retention time (HRT) on itsperformanceORIGINALARTICLEStart-upofUASBreactorstreatingmunicipalwastewaterandeffectoftemperature/sludgeageandhydraulicretentiontime(HRT)onitsperformanceHinaRizvia,NasirAhmadb,FarhatAbbasa,*,IftikharHussainBukharic,*,AbdullahYasard,ShafaqatAlia,TahiraYasmeena,MuhammadRiazcaEnvironmentalSciencesDepartment,GovernmentCollegeUniversity,Faisalabad38000,PakistanbInstituteofGeology,UniversityofthePunjab,Lahore,PakistancDepartmentofChemistry,GovernmentCollegeUniversity,Faisalabad38000,PakistandSustainableDevelopmentStudyCenter,GovernmentCollegeUniversity,Lahore,PakistanReceived21June2013;accepted18December2013Availableonline27December2013KEYWORDSUASBreactors;Municipalwastewater;Sludge;Hydraulicretentiontime(HRT);Chemicaloxygendemand(COD)andbiochemicaloxygendemand(BOD)AbstractTheupflowanaerobicsludgeblanketreactorsseededwithcowdungmanure(UASBCD)andactivatedsludgeofa