雨水和中水回用对北京供水的潜在贡献

JournalofSoutheastUniversity(EnglishEdition)Vo1．30，No．2，PP．150—157June2014ISSN1003-7985PotentialcontributionstoBeijing’swatersupplyfromreuseofstorm—andgreywaterLiuLi，MarinaBergenJensenMengQingyi(。DepartmentofGeosciencesandNamralResourceManagement，UniversityofCopenhagen，Frederiksberg1958，Denmark)(Sino—DanishCenterforEducation&Research，Beijing100191，China)3BeijingWaterScienceandTechnologyInstitute，Beijing100048，China)Abstract：InordertofindnewapproachestoalleviatingthewatercrisisinBeijing，whichiscausedby，amongothers，dwindlingprecipitationandrapidgrowthofpopulation，andmanifestsinarapidlydeclininggroundwatertable，thisstudyexploresdecentralizedstormwaterharvestingandgreywaterreuseathouseholdlevelasameanstoreducegroundwaterabstractionandwatertrans~rfromotherregions．Basedonadesktopcasestudy，twoconceptsforcombinedharvestingandreusingofstorm—andgreywaterarepresented．Withroughpre—assumptions．calculationsshowthatasavingof67．8％oftapwaterconsumptioncanbeachievedwitlltheupgradingconcept．comparedwim5．9％wimthesimpledowngradingconcept．Thesavingwiththeupgradingconceptequals0．545×10mannualwatervolume．if20millionBeijingpeopleapplythisapproach．Despitenumerousprerequisites，suchaswatertreatmenttechnology，spacedemand，energyandcost，andpublicacceptance，thispaperadvocatescombiningstormwaterharvestingandgreywaterreuseinhouseholdswithothermeasuresforBeijing’ssustainablewatermanagement．Keywords：urbanwatercycle；watersupply；waterreusedoi：10．3969／j．issn．1003—7985．2014．02．003Tnpercapitaterms，China’swaterresourcesarenot上rich．accountingforabout75％oftheaverageofAsiaand35％oftheaverageoftheworldii．Thewaterre—sourcesareunevenlydistributedgeographicallyandsea—sonally．80．4％ofChina’sprecipitationfallsintheareasouthoftheYangtzeRiver．butitisavailableforonly53％ofChina’spopulation．35．2％ofthearablelandand55．5％ofGDP．WateravailabilitypercapitainsouthoftheYangtzeisalmostfourtimesthatofthenorthregions，andperhectareofarablelandabouteighttimesgreater⋯．China’seconomicdevelopmentismainlyassociatedwithurbanareas，butthedist