畜禽粪便好氧堆肥腐熟度及其用于设施栽培基质的可行性分析

畜禽粪便好氧堆肥腐熟度及其用于设施栽培基质的可行性分析王秀红袁史向远袁李欣欣袁王保平袁周静袁杜慧平袁李永平袁张纪涛渊山西省农业科学院现代农业研究中心袁山西太原030031冤摘要院采用条垛堆和圆锥堆进行牛粪好氧堆肥袁对比2种堆体在好氧发酵过程中腐熟度的相关指标袁并对腐熟料是否达到设施作物栽培基质要求进行了分析遥结果表明袁圆锥堆的各项腐熟度指标均优于条垛堆袁其中袁在好氧发酵期间袁圆锥堆在距堆体外侧45尧60尧75cm处分别比条垛堆对应部位升温提前10尧16尧20h袁在45尧75cm处的高温持续时间分别比条垛堆多3尧5d曰在好氧发酵结束时袁圆锥堆和条垛堆的有机质含量分别降低了28.12%和25.42%袁E4/E6值分别上升1.01和0.35曰圆锥堆的GI在整个堆肥期均高于80%袁而条垛堆下降至73.41%曰2个堆体的pH值均为8.0左右袁EC值较建堆初期均有上升遥经60d腐熟后袁腐熟料的生物学性状和物理性状均能达到基质理想指标要求袁化学性状除GI达到要求外袁稍偏碱性袁EC值偏高曰通过基质混配后袁相比单一腐熟料袁各处理的容重尧总孔隙度尧持水孔隙度尧pH值和EC值均降低袁通气孔隙度增加袁气水比降低袁以处理T3渊泥炭颐腐熟料颐珍珠岩渊体积比冤为1颐1颐1袁50%替代泥炭冤处理的理化性状基本满足理想基质要求袁EC值降至3.5mS/cm以下袁不影响植株生长遥说明腐熟料通过混配用于基质栽培是可行的遥关键词院畜禽粪便曰好氧堆肥曰腐熟度曰设施栽培曰基质中图分类号院S141.4文献标识码院A文章编号院1002-2481渊2020冤03-0411-06MaturityofAerobicCompostfromLivestockManureandItsFeasibilityAnalysisforUseasSubstrateinProtectedCultivationWANGXiuhong袁SHIXiangyuan袁LIXinxin袁WANGBaoping袁ZHOUJing袁DUHuiping袁LIYongping袁ZHANGJitao渊ResearchCenterofModernAgriculture袁ShanxiAcademyofAgriculturalSciences袁Taiyuan030031袁China冤Abstract院Aerobiccompostingofcowmanurewascarriedoutbyusingstrippileandconepileinthisstudy.Theindexesofmaturityoftwokindsofcompostduringaerobicfermentationwerecompared,andwhetherthecompostcouldmeettherequirementsofcultivationsubstrateofprotectedcropswasanalyzed.Theresultsshowedthatthematurityindexofconepilewasbetterthanthatofstrippile.Duringaerobicfermentation,theformerincreasedtemperatureat45,60,75cmawayfromtheoutsideofthepileby10,16,20hearlierthanthelatter,respectively,andlastedfor3,5dlongerthanthelatterat45cmand75cm,respectively.Attheendofaerobicfermentation,theorganicmattercontentofconepileandstrippiledecreasedby28.12%and25.42%,respectively,theE4/E6increasedby1.01and0.35,respectively.TheGIofconepilewashigherthan80%inthewholecompostingperiod,whilethatofstrippiledecreasedto73.41%.ThepHofthetwopileswasabout8.0,andtheECvaluewashigherthanthatoftheinitialstage.After60dofmaturity,thebiologicalandphysicalpropertiesofthedecomposedmaterialcouldmeettherequirementsoftheidealsubstrate.InadditiontoGI,pHwasslightlyalkalineandECwasslightlyh