畜禽粪好氧堆肥产品的理化性质及生物效应
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2020-04-29 12:53:06
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54广东农业科学2008年第5期畜禽粪好氧堆肥产品的理化性质及生物效应张发宝,徐培智,唐拴虎,陈建生,谢开治,黄旭(广东省农科院土壤肥料研究所,广东省养分循环与耕地保育重点实验室.广东广州510640)摘要:采用好氧堆肥技术分别对鸡粪、猪粪和牛粪3种畜禽粪进行高温堆肥处理,畜禽粪堆肥产品的理化性质分析。结果表明,3种堆肥的氮养分主要以有机态氮存在,占50%以上,而钾养分主要以速效态存在,占90%以上;3种堆肥的重金属(铅、镉、铬、砷、汞)含量均符合我国生物有机肥标准。肥效试验结果表明,在等氮量条件下,施用畜禽粪堆肥的结球甘蓝和菜心产量比单施化肥的低,而3种畜禽粪堆肥处理之间产量差异不显著;与单施化肥相比,施用堆肥可显著提高结球甘蓝的可溶性糖和维生素C含量.同时可降低其硝酸盐含量。关键词:禽畜粪堆肥;菜心;结球甘蓝;产量;品质中图分类号:S141.4文献标识码:B文章编号:1004—874X(2008)05—0054—04PhysicochemicalpropertiesandbiologicalefectsofaerobicallycompostedlivestockmanureproductsZHANGFa—bao,XUPei—zhi,TANGShuan-hu,CHENJian—sheng,XIEKai-zbi,HUANGXu(SoilandFertilizerInstitute,GuangdongAcademyofAgriculturalScriences/GuangdongKeyLaboratoryofNutrientCyclingandFarmlandConservation,Guangzhou,510640China)Abstract:Threetypesofchicken,swineandcattlemanurefromwerecompostedunderaerobicconditions.Physicochemicalpropertiesofcompostedproductsweredetermined,andtheefectsoftheseproductsontwoleafvegetableproductionwerefurtherevaluatedviafieldtrials.Studyresultsshowedthat:themajorityofNintheseproductswereintheformoforganicN,whichaccountedfor50%oftotalN,andthemajorityofKintheseproductswereintheformofinorganicK,whichaccountedformorethan90%oftotalK.theconcentrationsofheavymetalssuchasPb,Cd,Cr,As,andHgintheseproductswerelowerthanthethresholdstandardconcentrationsoftheseheavymetalsforthecommercialbiologieallyorganicfertilizersinourcountry.applicationsofthesecompostedproductsresultedinlowerleafve~tableyields(ChinesefloweringcabbageandCa—bbage)comparedtoequivalentNapplicationsfromchemicalinorganicfertilizers,butnoyielddiferenceswereobservedamongapplicationsofthethreecompostedproducts.BasalapplicationsofthesecompostedproductsatsuficientNratesimprovedqualityofleafvegetableswithhi【gherconcentrationsofaseorbieacid(Vc)contents,andlowernitrate(NO3_)concentrations.Keywords:compostedproducts;chinesefloweringcabbage;cabbage;yield;quality随着经济的快速发展。我国已成为世界上农业废弃物产出量最大的国家【l1。畜禽粪含有丰富的有机质和一定量的氮、磷、钾等养分。是我国最主要的有机肥资源之一。与传统的农户分散养殖相比,现代集约化养殖禽畜粪的物质组分及含量已发生了很大的变化,集约化养殖禽畜粪不但含有比传统养殖更高的养分含量,而且含有较高
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