高效纤维素分解菌生物强化技术在工厂化好氧堆肥中的应用初探

农业环境科学学报2005，24(1)：182—186JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience-．．JL_lrj同效纤维素分解菌生物强化技术在工厂化好氧堆肥中的应用初探周辉宇，陆文静，王洪涛，王志超(清华大学环境科学与工程系，北京100084)摘要：以从堆肥中筛选、分离并保存的l7株纤维素降解菌为复合接种剂，以滇池流域主要蔬菜废物和花卉秸秆为堆肥底物，在4．5m×8．0m×3．5m的工厂化好氧发酵仓内，对相同控温条件下不同接种剂量的生物强化技术对堆肥进程的影响进行了试验研究。结果表明，在一次发酵的第5d，以0．4％(质量比)的接种量向堆肥中接种纤维素降解复合菌剂，可使其迅速成为堆肥优势菌群，有效提高降解速率；而二次发酵初期同剂量的二次接种能有效促进二次发酵阶段堆温的回升，提高木质纤维素等难降解物质降解程度，优化堆肥终产物物理性状，表现为接种处理的堆肥终产物的筛过率(孔径2．0cm)比不接种处理高20％以上，在相同腐熟度下可缩短堆肥周期约20d。关键词：纤维素分解菌；生物强化技术；好氧堆肥中图分类号：X172文献标识码：A文章编号：1672—2043(2005)01—0182—05ApplicationofHighEficientCellulolyticMicroorganismsinPlant—-scaleAerobicCompostingZHOUHui·yu，LUWen-jing，WANGHong·tao，WANGZhi—chao(DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering，TsinghuaUniversity，Beijing100084．China)Abstract：Bio—augmentofeompostinginoculawithdiferentinoculatingdosesincluding17speciesofcellulolyticmicroorganismswasstudiedinaplant—scaleco—eompostingsystemofvegetablewastesandflowerstalks．Theexperimentswerecarriedoutincompostingbarnswitheubageof4．5×8．0×3．5matDian—chidrainagearea．Thesubstratesweretreatedwithdiferentwaysbyinoculating0．1％，0．4％，0％cellulolyticmicroorganisms，respectively．Theinoculationswereoperatedinboththefirstandsecondeompostingstage．Whenthetemperaturereachedthepeakvaluesincecompostingstartedduringthefirstfermentationstage，thepilewasturnedoveranditstemperaturewascontrolledunder55℃byaeratingintermittently．Duringthesecondfermentationstage，thepilewasturnedoveronceaweektoensuregoodaircondition．Temperature，moisture，organicmatterandscreeningrateweremeasuredduringtheprocess．Theresultshowedthatinoculationoflignocellulolytiemicroorganismswith0．4％(m／m)in—oculatingdoseatthe5thdayofthefirsteompostingstageincreasedthepopulationdensityofbothindigenousmicroorganismsandstrainsofinocula，whichbecamedominantpopulationofthecompost．Thesecondinoculationwiththesamedoseatthebeginningofthesecondstageefectivelyacceleratedthetemperaturerisingandsignificantlyimprovedthedegradationofthelignocellulosesincompost．Thescreeningratio(q~2cmsievepore)oftheendproductwithinoculati