好氧反硝化细菌的筛选及其在鸡粪发酵氮素转化中的作用

农业环境科学学报2008，27(6)：2494—2498JournalofAgro—EnvironmentScience好氧反硝化细菌的筛选及其在鸡粪发酵氮素转化中的作用王立群，肖维伟，曹立群，喻其林，孙文，顾文杰(东北农业大学生命科学学院，黑龙汀哈尔滨150030)摘要：在以秸秆为凋理剂的鸡粪好氧发醉环境，按温度阶段取样、分离好氧反硝化细菌，进一步通过反硝化活性测定实验筛选其中优势好氧反硝化细菌。将其州接到发酵堆垛中，并测定堆肥的硝态氮、铵态氮及全氮等指标的含量变化。结果表明，在鸡粪发酵中存在着好氧反硝化细菌菌群；通过活性测定实验，筛选出了3株优势好氧反硝化的菌株SF35—1、JF45—2和JF35—1，经鉴定分别归为芽孢杆菌属、德克斯氏菌属和克雷伯氏菌属。该3株细菌均来自于发酵中温段，说明反硝化作用受温度影响，巾温段强于其他温段。另外芽孢杆菌属的SF35一l菌株和德克斯氏菌属的JF45—2菌株同时还具有硝化作用，但在所试环境中强度不及反硝化作用。回接发酵试验证实，接种的优势好氧反硝化细菌使鸡粪堆制发酵巾的硝态氮及全氮含量降低，而铵态氮含量变化不明显，说明这些反硝化细菌在实际的鸡粪发酵环境中同样具有反硝化作用，并造成了堆肥的氮素损失。关键词：好氧反硝化细菌；坞粪发酵；硝态氮中图分类号：x172文献标识码：A文章编号：1672—2043(2008)06—2494—05ScreeningofAerobicDenitrifiersandTheirFunctioninNitrogenTransformationofAerobicCompostingofChickenManureWANGLi-qun，XIAOWei-wei，CAOLi-qun，YUQi—lin，SUNWen，GUWen-jie(CollegeofLiSciences，NortheastAgriculturalUniversity，Haerbin150030，China)Abstract：Aerobicdenitri~'ingbacteriawereisolatedatdiferenttemperaturestagesincompostingofchickenfeceswithstrawasconditioner．Thedominantstrainswerescreenedbymeasuringde—nitrificationability．Thenthedominantstrainswerere—culturedintotheeompostingofchickencesandthecontentsofammonianitrogen．nitraterli[1’ogenandtotalnitrogenweremeasured．Theresultswereasfollows：therewereaerobicde—nitrifiersinthecompostingofchickenfeces．Fhreedominantstrains，namedSF35一l，SF45—2andJF35一l，werescreenedbyde—terminingactivityofnitrogenremoval。andidentifiedasB(willussp．，Derxiasp．andKlebsiellasp．respectively．Thethreestrainswerealliso—latedfrommid—temperaturestage．Itshowedthatde—nitrificationwasaffectedremarkablybytemperatureandwasstrongerinmid—tempera—turestagethanotherstages．l'heSF35—1(Bacillussp．)andJF45—2(Derxiasp．)alsohadtheabilityofnitrification，whichwasweakerthantheabilityofde—nitrification．Thedominantaerobicdenitrifyingbacteriainoculatedintocompostresultedinreductionofnitratenitrogenandtotalnitrogencontents，andsuggestedthatdenitrifyingbacteriahadde—nitrifieationinchickenfecesfermentation．Itwouldreducethenitro—genlossandairpollutionbyeffectivelyregulatingtheactivityofthisgroupofbac