陶氏膜手册（英文版）

陶氏膜手册（英文版）DowLiquidSeparationsFILMTECReverseOsmosisMembranesTechnicalManualJanuary2004Page2of179*TrademarkofTheDowChemicalCompanyFormNo.609-00071-104TableofContents1.BasicsofReverseOsmosisandNanofiltration..91.1HistoricalBackground.91.2DesalinationTechnologiesandFiltrationProcesses...91.3PrincipleofReverseOsmosisandNanofiltration..121.4MembraneDescription..151.5MembranePerformance...161.6FILMTECMembraneSafeforUseinFoodProcessing171.7ElementConstruction181.8ElementCharacteristics192.WaterChemistryandPretreatment..212.1Introduction...212.2FeedwaterTypeandAnalysis...222.3ScaleControl.262.3.1Introduction...262.3.2AcidAddition.272.3.3ScaleInhibitorAddition.282.3.4SofteningwithaStrongAcidCationExchangeResin..282.3.5DealkalizationwithaWeakAcidCationExchangeResin282.3.6LimeSoftening..292.3.7PreventiveCleaning..302.3.8AdjustmentofOperatingVariables...302.4ScalingCalculations..302.4.1General.302.4.2CalciumCarbonateScalePrevention...322.4.2.1BrackishWater...322.4.2.2Seawater362.4.3CalciumSulfateS