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CCamachocell67●CCCadmiumcell�WestonnormalelementCadmiumtelluride—AII–IVcompound�semicon-ductorfrequentlyemployedininfraredsystems(activecomponentininfrareddetectors)and�photovoltaicde-vices.Electrochemical�passivationhasbeenemployedtoimprovesurfacerecombinationbehavior.Refs.:[i]WeiC,MishraKK,RajeshwarK()ChemMater:;[ii]LemassonP()JPhysD:ApplPhys:;[iii]ForniF,Inno-centiM,PezzatiniG,ForestiML()ElectrochimActa:RHCalibration—Asetofoperationsthatestablishes,un-derspecifiedconditions,asuitablerelationshipbetweenvaluesofquantitiesindicatedbythemeasuringsystem,andthecorrespondingvaluesrealizedbystandards[i].Themeasuringsystemcaninvolveasimplevolumetricflask[ii]orsophisticatedinstrumentaltechniques[iii].Mostinstrumentalmethodsofanalysisarerelativesincetheyregisterasignalduetosomephysicalpropertyofthe�analyte.Spectrometers,forexample,measurethefractionofelectromagneticradiationthatisabsorbedfromalightsourcebythesample.Thisfractionmustberelatedtotheanalyteconcentrationbyi